System of building construction



May 14, 1935. STRAUSS 2,001,162

SYSTEM OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 23, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 11.9 7 Jude/2721 1 May 14, 1935. J B STRAUSS ZJUOLIGZ SYSTEM OF BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 23, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 j 1 v K103690705 y1935. J; B/STRAUSS SYSTEM OF BUILDJ ING CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 23,1931. 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 o 6 0 0 0 6 O O O fiwo w monowovu of F sLl r w v14 is a viewshowingthe method of fasten- Patented May 14, 19 a IJUNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE,

bers-fromwhich the building isconstructed are provided with metalbounding elements, theconcretemembers'being fastened together byriveting-, bolting or welding the metal bounding elements of the memberstogether to form the com plete'structure'. Theinventiori has furtherobjects which are more particularly pointed out in the accompanyingdescriptionelevationof abuilding embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view through a typical windowfsilltaken on line2-4 of Fig. 1;

if Figts is a sectional view through a typical roof cornice takenon line3--3 of Fig. 1; ifffFig.4 is an'enlarged view of s'everal'wall slabsfastenedtogether; c j j g Fig. 5 is an enlarged detailed sectional viewshowing'the welding lug attached tothe boundmg elements; V 1 1.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 viewed at right angles thereto; H 1

" jFig. T" is an enlarged plan view of a floor or wall slab or unit;'FigiB is an enlargedsectional view of the cor' her of a floor slaborunit;

. .,'Fig. 9 is a view 'of a column with parts broken sw nr Fig. 10 isasectional view-taken on line Ill- H1 Fig.9; 7 H

foran intermediate column; 12 is-a view showing atypical joist orgirder;

Fig.13 is a sectional view taken on line I3--I3 the construction of mga'joist'or girder to a column; and

I (Fig. 15 is a View showing. the floor and ceiling connection to thecolumn at the second, or higher flo nnw I ikeflnumerals refer to likeparts throughout 'severalfigur a; i .7

Referring n to the drawings, whichare more orless diagrammatic to showtypical construetions, I; have shown a building construction embodyingtheinvention and comprisingouter walls 7 BefeIring now to the drawings,Fig. 1 isa front g. 11"i's a view of a diaphragm girder'supportApplication September 23, 1931, Serial No. 564,560.

' c Claims. (01. 72-1) made up of concrete members or slabs having metalbounding elements 2 connected together and to columns 3. 'These metalbounding elements are preferably of -T section for the wall units andgirders. For the column sections'theL 5 section or angle section ispreferred.

In Figs. 4, 7 and 8 is shown the construction of the wall and floorunits. They consist of the metal bounding element of any desired crosssection, shownas of T section having the inwardly 0 projecting portion4. A wire mesh 5 is fastened to the part 4' in any desired manner. Thisforms a rectangular metal frame with a wire mesh extending across themiddle thereof. Concrete is then poured into this frame to. fill it andenclose 15 the wire mesh or network reinforcing the concrete, beingpreferably fiushwith the metallic frame. The member or unitis thenpreferably vibrated, or otherwise treated, to secure density and highstrength. A-jarring machine may, for 0 example, be used for thispurpose.

The corner floor sections'may be connected with the sill 6, see Fig. 8,which is welded to the outer metal frame, as shown at "I.

The columnsmay be formed with angles or L shaped elements 8 at thecorners, Figs. 9 and 10,, filled with concrete as shown. At the pointswhere the joists or girders are connected to the columns, the columnsare provided with the metal supporting members 9, Figs. 9 and 10. Thesesupporting members are connected to the metal plates ll] inside thecorner members. I may also provide diaphragm plates ll, Fig. 11, whichfit into the space between the corner pieces 8, and which have theprojecting supporting members 9 which project from between the cornermembers. These diaphragms have'openings H in the center for theconcrete. 7 v

The girders or joists are provided with the metal bounding elements?[3,1 see'Figs. 12 and 13, 40 preferably of T section, having theinwardly projecting parts M .to which the wire mesh 5 is'connected.'Additional reinforcement, consisting of metal rods l5; are'providedwhich are attached in any desired mannert'o the projections 14, and

or welding, or any other suitable manner. The metal edges may also bewelded to the columns. The wall or floor slabs, or slabs for any otherpurpose, may be provided with welding or fastening lugs 68 connectedwith their metal frames, Figs. 5 and 6, and by means of which they maybe fastened together or to any other part. These wall and floor membersmay be fastened together by bringing their metal members in abuttingrelation and then welding or riveting them together.

I prefer to have the building made of two walls of slabs separated by anair space [9, as shown in Fig. 2. This figure also shows one form ofwindow construction wherein the window frame 20 of metal is fastened tothe bounding members 2 of the surrounding slabs by welding or othermeans. Angle members 2| are attached to the frame 2!]. Attached to theseangle members are the two angle members 22 and 23, members 2| having theprojections 24. The window sash 25 engages the member 22 and has anangle member 23. The member 2| is embedded in concrete and a metalmember 21 encloses this concrete.

In Fig. 3 I have shown a cornice construction consisting of a metalbounding member 28, having the wire mesh 29 therein embedded inconcrete. There is a metal lined recess 38 which fits over the upperedge of the upper row of slabs The cornice is fastened to the slabs bybolts or other fastening devices. I

In Fig. 15 I have shown a typical method of a floor and ceilingconstruction, wherein the floor slabs project beyond the interior wallslabs l and are welded or otherwise fastened thereto by means of thefastening strip 6 of Fig. 8. The floor joist projection I! is fastenedto the girder 32 located between the exterior and interior wall slabs bywelding or any other means. The upper edges of the interior wall slabsbelow the girder areprovided with the supporting hooked member 33 whichhas a projection 34 upon which is supported the ceiling slabs 35.

In Fig. 14 I have shown the method of connecting joists or girders tothe walls between the posts. In this construction there is an outer andan inner wall made up of the wall slabs, and these girders havesupporting. projections 36 which fit into the recesses i 8 in the joistsor girders, and the projections I! are supported thereon. The metaledges are also fastened or welded, as at 37, to the wall members. Itwill be seen that this forms a system of building constructioncomprising a series of separate precast metal-bound concrete units,which may be erected and then bolted, riveted or welded together to forma com pleted structure with the same ease as all-steel units.

The construction is intended for dwellings, vehicles and other types ofstructures. The units are formed as posts, girders, joists, wallsections and floor, roof and ceiling slabs. In a dwelling the posts arefirst erected on a suitable foundation, then the girders are supportedon the posts at their tops, the joists are then supported on the girdersand the floor and ceiling slabs secured to the joists and then the wallslabs are set in place. The units are then bolted, riveted or weldedtogether along the meeting metallic faces of the separate units.

The wall units may be placed or formed with an air space between them,and so spaced and dimensioned as to. meet the design of the building andprovide for window, doors. etc. The

metal framework and the wiremesh are prefabricated to proper size and tomeet the design of the structure. The T section is preferable for theWall units and girders because of convenience in connecting the Wiremesh, while for the posts the L section is the best. The connection ismade in all cases through the metal bounding members, either directly orthrough secondary shelf angles or splice plates. The bounding elementsact as reenforcement and as stress carrying elements. The concrete ispreferably light-weight, highstrength concrete and the thickness of thewall slabs may vary from A, for light vehicles to 1 or more fordwellings. The floor and roof slabs are designed to proper thickness forthe load carried. The slabs may be precolored or treated for weathering;The various units are connected substantially as a steel frame buildingis connected, i. e. by riveting, Welding or bolting the sectionstogether at the meeting faces of their metallic bounding frames.

The advantages secured by this inventionare the elimination of wood,speed of construction, low cost, permanence and adaptability. Thevarious units may be shipped without damage and handled, erected andconnected up with the same ease, speed and certainty as a steel framestructure.

It will be noted that there is here a separate skeleton or frame work ofthe structure composed of posts and longitudinal and transverse girdersand these girders and posts are enclosed within the double walls builtup of units of composition material which are metal edged, and that theunits or sections of the walls are made up of metal edges connected by ametal mesh or webbing which is embedded in the concrete. It will furtherbe seen that the posts have metal edges and cementitious materialenclosed within said edges.

I claim:

1. A structure comprising a series of posts, transverse and longitudinalgirders connected to said posts on. their center line, a series of outermetal edged non-metallic wall sections flush with the outer face of saidposts, a series of inner meta-l edged non-metallic wall sections flushwith the inner face of said posts, the girders fitting between said wallsections, and an open space between said wall sections, girders andposts.

2. A'structure comprising a skeleton framework comprising posts,transverse and longitudinal girders at the floor levels connected tosaid posts, a series of wall sections enclosing said girders and saidposts, said wall sections having metal edges, metal mesh connecting saidedges and cementitious material enclosing said mesh and flush with themetal edges, the posts having metal edges and cementitious materialenclosed within said edges, the wall sections supported by and connectedto said girders and said posts.

3. A structure comprising a supporting post comprising metal edges,reenforced concrete contained within the limits of said metal edges,internal diaphragms connecting said edges together at intervals, saiddiaphragms having openings through which the concrete and reenforcementpass, certain of said diaphragms projecting out between the metal edgesto form seats for the connecting girders.

4. A structure comprising a supporting post having metal edges,reenforced concrete contained within the limits of said metal edges,internal diaphragms connecting said edges together at intervals, saiddiaphragms having openings through which the concrete and reenforcementpass, certain of said diaphragms projecting out between the metal edges,forming seats for connecting girders and vertical plates underneath saidprojecting diaphragms and on the inside of the metal edges, whereby adouble connection is provided for the connecting girders.

tallic mesh connected with said metal edge and substantially paralleltherewith, and cementitious material embedding said mesh and limited byand flush with the face of the metal edge the outer face of said flangedmetal edge being substantially parallel throughout its entire area withthe cementitious material which engages the face of said metal edge.

6. A structure comprising a building section comprising a metal edgewith one projecting flange forming, a unitary member T-shaped in crosssection, a unitary metallic mesh connected with said metal edge near itscenter and cementitious material embedding said mesh and limited by andflush with the face of the metal edge the outer face of said flangedmetal edge being substantially parallel'throughout its entire area withthe cementitious material which engages the face of said metal edge.

7 JOSEPH B. STRAUSS.

